ARKY325 070214

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General Info

Lectures

Contents

Near East in 2nd M BC

  • we already have the basis of civilizations in these areas
  • we have bronze age
  • supranational societies
  • class structure
  • widespread trade
  • most societies are now working on a more local scale
  • most changes are now political
  • technological change is limited (armnements mainly some industrial)


Akkadian Empire

  • 2,334-2,230 BC
  • 2334 - Sargon conquers Sumeria and expands northwest and reast out of Mesopotamia

Imperial Ur

  • 2,112-2,004 BC

Elamite Kingdom

  • Based in Susa
  • conquers Mesopotamian in 2,004 BC

Old Babylonian Period

  • 2,004-1,595 BC
  • Empire fractured into a series of city states after 2,004BC
    • Susa, Kish, Assur, Isin, Larsa and Babylon
    • Mari letters/Mari tablet indicate shifting alliances
      • The Mari go wiped out and no one wanted the site - since they kept good records we have records left over from the time
      • we get evidence of extensive trade (esp. from Larsa, and Assur in the north tying into Anatolia)
    • extensive trade
  • Babylon emerges as a major power under Hummurabi
    • 1792-1750 BC
    • Conquers Mesopotamia and creates a centralized state.
      • Larsa to south, Mari to north
      • Creates dissension in the invaded city states
    • He creates a series of "laws" to maintain the peace


  • 1,595 - Hittites sack Babylon and retreat
    • from Anatolia
    • Hittites leader get wiped out by internal strife, remenants go back home
  • this creates a power Vacuume
  • Post 1,400-1,200 BC
    • North - Assur emerges as a strong kingdom
      • Start of Assyrian Empire
    • South - Kassites take control over Babylon

Levant

  • Pre-2,000 BC
    • Series of towns with wide trade relations
    • We see wood going to Egypt to support their works


  • 2,000 BC
    • Small kingdoms emerge at Hazor & Qatna
    • Fortifications suggest incessant warfare
  • Hyksos control upper Egypt
    • 1,640-1,550 BC
    • Hyksos were traders believed to be from this area
    • Had a link to Egypt through trade
  • New Kingdom Pharaohs invade and bring the southern Levant under Egyptian control
    • Ahmose but mainly Tuthmosis at Megiddo
    • Tuthmosis pushed Egyptian control into the region
  • Mitanni istate emerges to the north
    • result of the power vacuume in Mesopotemia
    • people come into this empire as a result of the Egiptian encursion into the Levant
    • By 1,550 it enters into active conflict - captures Assur, goes into the Hittites areas
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